Abstract

Reliable models to predict the fast transient response of transformer windings are categorized into three groups: 1) white box; 2) black box; and 3) gray box models. Each group is applicable to solve a certain problem and includes its own advantages, hardly replacable by another group. The gray box methodology is a compromise between black and white box approaches which is investigated profoundly in this paper. A new method based on design geometry estimation is applied to accomplish transient simulation. The introduced procedure is probed on a noninterleaved double disk winding. Simulation and experimental results confirm that the gray box approach is applicable to both terminal and internal response estimation of a transformer when there is no knowledge of the transformer’s internal specifications. The parameter identification of the model is performed by the particle swarm optimization algorithm.