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style='tab-interval:.5in'> <div class=WordSection1> <div style='margin-left:14.2pt;margin-top:28.35pt;margin-right:14.2pt' id=bodyText> <div style='mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid darkred 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid darkred .75pt;padding:0in 0in 3.0pt 0in'> <h1 style='text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt'><span style='font-size:17.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Artificial Intelligence II<o:p></o:p></span></h1> </div> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>No other field in computer science has higher visibility (and <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>expectation</b>, and <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>disappointment</b>) than artificial intelligence to the general population.&nbsp; This course covers some advanced components of artificial intelligence as we know it, namely probabilistic reasoning, Bayesian networks and machine learning.&nbsp;&nbsp; You should be able to build an example of a probabilistic model at the end of the semester. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <div style='mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 0in 3.0pt 0in'> <h2 style='text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt'><a name="_Administrative_Details"></a><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Administrative Details<o:p></o:p></span></h2> </div> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; color:black'>Here you will find administrative information for the Fall 1387. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; color:black'>Instructor:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'> Dr. Mohsen Afsharchi, </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; color:#4080FF'><a href="mailto:afsharchim@znu.ac.ir"><span style='color:#4080FF; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>afsharchim at znu.ac.ir</span></a></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; color:black'>Lectures</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>:</span><span style='font-size: 10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:red'> 9:30-11 Wed and Thr</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; color:black'>Office Hours</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>:<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Wednesday and Thursday<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; color:black'>Prerequisites</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>: Clear understanding of probability, common data structures, algorithms, standard programming and preferably some preliminary AI concepts.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <div style='mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 0in 3.0pt 0in'> <h2 style='text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt'><a name="_Textbook"></a><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>Textbooks <o:p></o:p></span></h2> </div> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>The required textbooks for this course are: <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t202" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="202" path="m,l,21600r21600,l21600,xe"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> <v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1028" type="#_x0000_t202" style='position:absolute; left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:155.25pt;margin-top:24.75pt;width:255.75pt; height:1in;z-index:1' stroked="f"> <v:textbox style='mso-next-textbox:#_x0000_s1028'/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><span style='mso-ignore:vglayout;position: absolute;z-index:1;left:0px;margin-left:207px;margin-top:33px;width:345px; height:100px'> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0> <tr> <td width=345 height=100 bgcolor=white style='vertical-align:top;background: white'><![endif]><![if !mso]><span style='position:absolute;mso-ignore:vglayout; left:0pt;z-index:1'> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%"> <tr> <td><![endif]> <div v:shape="_x0000_s1028" style='padding:3.6pt 7.2pt 3.6pt 7.2pt' class=shape> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; color:black'><a href="http://bndg.cs.aau.dk/"><span style='color:#4080FF; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>Bayesian Networks and Decision Graphs</span></a> (Second Edition), by Finn V. Jensen and Thomas D. Nielsen, Springer 2007</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> </div> <![if !mso]></td> </tr> </table> </span><![endif]><![if !mso & !vml]>&nbsp;<![endif]><![if !vml]></td> </tr> </table> </span><![endif]><span style='color:black'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>   </span><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:71.25pt;height:110.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="Artificial%20IntelligenceII-new_files/image001.png" o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=95 height=147 src="Artificial%20IntelligenceII-new_files/image005.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1"><![endif]></span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1033" type="#_x0000_t202" style='position:absolute;left:0; text-align:left;margin-left:160.5pt;margin-top:12.75pt;width:250.5pt;height:75pt; z-index:2' stroked="f"> <v:textbox style='mso-next-textbox:#_x0000_s1033'/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><span style='mso-ignore:vglayout;position: absolute;z-index:2;left:0px;margin-left:214px;margin-top:17px;width:338px; height:104px'> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0> <tr> <td width=338 height=104 bgcolor=white style='vertical-align:top;background: white'><![endif]><![if !mso]><span style='position:absolute;mso-ignore:vglayout; left:0pt;z-index:2'> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%"> <tr> <td><![endif]> <div v:shape="_x0000_s1033" style='padding:3.6pt 7.2pt 3.6pt 7.2pt' class=shape> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Probabilistic-Reasoning-Intelligent-Systems-Plausible/dp/1558604790/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&amp;s=books&amp;qid=1222285740&amp;sr=8-1"><span style='color:#4080FF;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference</span></a>, by Judea <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Pearl</st1:City></st1:place> , Morgan Kauffman 1988<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <![if !mso]></td> </tr> </table> </span><![endif]><![if !mso & !vml]>&nbsp;<![endif]><![if !vml]></td> </tr> </table> </span><![endif]><span style='color:black'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>   </span><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:75pt;height:113.25pt; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="Artificial%20IntelligenceII-new_files/image003.png" o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=100 height=151 src="Artificial%20IntelligenceII-new_files/image006.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_2"><![endif]></span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>A supplementary textbook (recommended, but not required) is: <o:p></o:p></span></p> <ol start=1 type=I> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo10; tab-stops:list .5in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Bayesian-Artificial-Intelligence-Computer-Analysis/dp/1584883871/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;s=books&amp;qid=1222285319&amp;sr=8-1"><span style='color:#4080FF;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>Bayesian Artificial Intelligence</span></a>, <span class=itemlabel>by</span>&nbsp;<strong><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";font-weight:normal'>Kevin B. Korb, Ann E. Nicholson&nbsp;, Chapman &amp; Hall, 2003</span></strong><b><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></b><o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo10; tab-stops:list .5in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><a href="http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/"><span style='color:#4080FF;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach</span></a> (Second Edition), by Stuart J. Russell, Peter Norvig, Prentice Hall 2002 . <o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo10; tab-stops:list .5in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Artificial-Intelligence-Synthesis-Morgan-Kaufmann/dp/1558604677"><span style='fon-size:11.5pt'><span style='color:#4080FF;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis</span></a>, </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>by Nils J. Nilsson. Morgan Kaufmann 1999. <o:p></o:p></span></li> </ol> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt'><span style='fon-size:11.5pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> </span> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>Lecture material will be drawn from textbooks, as well as from some of the recent online materials. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <div style='mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 0in 3.0pt 0in'> <h2 style='text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt'><a name="_Course_Syllabus_and"></a><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>Course Syllabus and Lecture Notes<o:p></o:p></span></h2> </div> <ol start=1 type=1> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo7; tab-stops:list .5in'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Introduction </span></b><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; color:windowtext'>AI</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>: history (<a href="lectures/introII.pdf"><span style='color:#4080FF;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>PDF</span></a>)</span><b><span style='font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></b></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo7; tab-stops:list .5in'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Uncertainty in AI</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>: Non-monotonic Reasoning, Certainty Factor, Probabilistic Models (<a href="lectures/Uncertainty.pdf"><span style='color:#4080FF;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>PDF</span></a>)<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo7; tab-stops:list .5in'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Introduction to Probability theory</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"'>: Basics(<a href="lectures/prob11.pdf"><span style='color:#4080FF;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>PDF</span></a>)<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo7; tab-stops:list .5in'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Probabilistic Graphical Models</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>: Causal and Bayesian Networks(<a href="lectures/BN.pdf"><span style='color:#4080FF;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>PDF</span></a>)<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo7; tab-stops:list .5in'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><a href="lectures/AI2_Assignment1.pdf"><span style='color:#4080FF;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>Assignment 1</span></a> </span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo7; tab-stops:list .5in'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Inference in Bayesian Network 1:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"'> Exact Inference in Singly Connected Networks(<a href="lectures/Inference.pdf"><span style='color:#4080FF;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>PDF</span></a>)<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo7; tab-stops:list .5in'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Inference in Bayesian Network 2:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"'> Exact Inference in Chains and Trees(<a href="lectures/inference2.pdf"><span style='color:#4080FF;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>PDF</span></a>), Variable Elimination Algorithm(<a href="lectures/Elmination.pdf"><span style='color:#4080FF;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>PDF</span></a>, Courtesy of Eyal Amir)<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo7; tab-stops:list .5in'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Building Models: </span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Variables, Arcs and dependencies<b> </b>(<a href="lectures/Chapter3-s.pdf"><span style='color:#4080FF;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>PDF</span></a>)<o:p></o:p></span></li> </ol> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:.25in;text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p> <div style='mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 0in 3.0pt 0in'> <h2 style='text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt'><a name="_Course_Work_and"></a><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>Course Work and Evaluation<o:p></o:p></span></h2> </div> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>   </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <div style='mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 0in 3.0pt 0in'> <h2 style='text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt'><a name="_Possibly_Interesting_URLs"></a><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Possibly Interesting URLs<o:p></o:p></span></h2> </div> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:18.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>Here is an ad hoc collection of relevant AI links and interesting tidbits. If you know of other good stuff to share with your classmates here, please let me know, and I will try to add it. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;color:black'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> </div> <!-- <li> <a href="http://www.ethermanage.com/ethernet/ethernet.html"> Charles Spurgeon's Ethernet Web Site</a> <li> For fun ... <a href="http://news.com.com/2100-1001-257064.html"> Pigeon-powered Internet takes Flight</a>. <li> Read about <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Andreessen"> Marc Andreessen</a> co-developer of Mosaic; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> inventor of the WWW; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabeer_Bhatia"> Sabeer Bhatia</a> co-founder of Hotmail. <li> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer"> Peer-to-Peer</a> (A nice discussion on Peer-to-Peer networks from Wikipedia; link courtesy Matthew Tobiasz) <li> <a href="http://www.mp3newswire.net/stories/fiv/winners.html"> The Digital Media Winners of 2004</a> (This article might give you an idea as to which P2P applications are popular. Article was linked from a Slasdot post. Link courtesy of Matthew Tobiasz) <li> <a href="http://www.freesoft.org/CIE/RFC/index.htm"> Links to Requests For Comments (RFCs) from freesoft</a> (Courtesy of Phillipa Sessini) <li> <a href="http://www.dns.net/dnsrd/"> DNS Resource Directory</a> <li> <a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1035.html"> RFC 1035 - Domain names - implementation and specification</a> <a href="http://www.freesoft.org/CIE/RFC/1035/"><br> Another link to RFC 1035 (Well-formatted Web page)</a> <li> <a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1034.html"> RFC 1034 - Domain names - concepts and facilities</a> <li> <a href="http://www.canarie.ca/about/index.html">CANARIE</a> <li> <a href="http://www.iana.org/">Internet Assigned Numbers Authority</a> (see the section on protocol number assignment and IP address services) <li> <a href="http://www.icann.org/">Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers</a> --></span></div> </body> </html>